Sunday, December 17, 2000
Conditional Pardon
Conditional Pardons (CP) freed convicts and were granted on the condition that convicts did not return to England or Ireland. Original copies of the pardons were sent to England and duplicates remained in Australia. Copies were also given to convicts as a proof of pardon. Conditional Pardon records give date, name, where and when tried, sentence, ship and date of arrival. Later records may also give master, native place, trade or calling, offence, sentence, year of birth and a physical description. Copies of butts of Conditional Pardons (1824-1827) and Conditional Pardons registered by the Colonial Secretary (1826-1870) are available. An alphabetical register of pardons (1828-1862) is on microfilm as well as a register of Colonial Pardons from 1788 to 1867.
The information on the reverse side of Michael Fogarty's pardon is as follows"
Description Standing Number ………….. 29/89
Name..……………………….Michael Fogarty
Ship…………………………..Governor Ready
Master………………………..Young
Year…………………………..1829
Native Place…………………..Tipperary
Trade or Calling………………Farm Labourer
Offence………………………..Coining
Year of Birth…………………..1799
Height………………………….5 feet 7 inches
Complexion……………………Ruddy pockpitted
Hair…………………………….Brown
Eyes…………………………….Dark Hazel
General Remarks……………….Scar on right eyebrow, Scar front part right leg.
I Certify, that her Majesty's Gracious approbation and allowance of the above CONDITIONAL PARDON, granted to Michael Fogarty has been signified to me, by the Right Honourable the Secretary for State for the Colonies, in his Dispatch No 20, dated 11 February 1844.
Given under my Hand, at Government House, Sydney, this Twenty fifth Day of June, One thousand, eight hundred and forty five
(Signed Geo. Gipps
Entered upon Record at Pages 25 and 26 Register No. 15 this Twenty third Day of July One thousand eight hundred and forty four.
(Source - a) Register of Pardons Number 15 Page 25 & 26b) Archive Authority of New South Wales, Sydney Reel 781 Conditional Pardon of Michael Fogarty
The information on the reverse side of Michael Fogarty's pardon is as follows"
Description Standing Number ………….. 29/89
Name..……………………….Michael Fogarty
Ship…………………………..Governor Ready
Master………………………..Young
Year…………………………..1829
Native Place…………………..Tipperary
Trade or Calling………………Farm Labourer
Offence………………………..Coining
Year of Birth…………………..1799
Height………………………….5 feet 7 inches
Complexion……………………Ruddy pockpitted
Hair…………………………….Brown
Eyes…………………………….Dark Hazel
General Remarks……………….Scar on right eyebrow, Scar front part right leg.
I Certify, that her Majesty's Gracious approbation and allowance of the above CONDITIONAL PARDON, granted to Michael Fogarty has been signified to me, by the Right Honourable the Secretary for State for the Colonies, in his Dispatch No 20, dated 11 February 1844.
Given under my Hand, at Government House, Sydney, this Twenty fifth Day of June, One thousand, eight hundred and forty five
(Signed Geo. Gipps
Entered upon Record at Pages 25 and 26 Register No. 15 this Twenty third Day of July One thousand eight hundred and forty four.
(Source - a) Register of Pardons Number 15 Page 25 & 26b) Archive Authority of New South Wales, Sydney Reel 781 Conditional Pardon of Michael Fogarty
Saturday, December 16, 2000
John O'Sullivan
John O'Sulivan was the manager of the first bank to operate in Goulburn, the Commecial Banking Company of Sydney's bank which opened in Goulburn in 1837. O'Sullivan continued as manager until the bank's closure on 31 March, 1844. The closure was brought about by a depression suffered by all banks from around 1842.
Records indicate that John O'Sullivan resided in Goulburn. In addition he held 'despasturing' licences at Breakfast Creek, Kangarooby and Lachlan River in the Lachlan District, beyond the 19 Counties. The Lachlan District was located between the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers.
The term ‘depasturing’ refers to the consumption of the produce of land (grass) as pasture or to graze on the land.
People who leased land beyond the Nineteen Counties. There was some unauthorised occupation of Crown land from the earliest days of the colony. Governor Darling created an area known as the 'limits of location' — creating two areas within the colony by a Government order on 5 September 1826. Settlers were only allowed to take up land within the ‘limits’. A further Government order on 14 October 1829 increased this area of approved settlement to include an area called the Nineteen Counties.
John O'Sullivan was what was known as a SQUATTOR.
Records indicate that John O'Sullivan resided in Goulburn. In addition he held 'despasturing' licences at Breakfast Creek, Kangarooby and Lachlan River in the Lachlan District, beyond the 19 Counties. The Lachlan District was located between the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers.
The term ‘depasturing’ refers to the consumption of the produce of land (grass) as pasture or to graze on the land.
People who leased land beyond the Nineteen Counties. There was some unauthorised occupation of Crown land from the earliest days of the colony. Governor Darling created an area known as the 'limits of location' — creating two areas within the colony by a Government order on 5 September 1826. Settlers were only allowed to take up land within the ‘limits’. A further Government order on 14 October 1829 increased this area of approved settlement to include an area called the Nineteen Counties.
John O'Sullivan was what was known as a SQUATTOR.
Ticket of Leave Passport
Ticket of Leave Passports allowed convicts holding tickets of leave to travel between certain points, visit a certain place or to attend the city markets for a specified period of time.
Friday, December 15, 2000
Ticket of Leave
A Ticket of Leave (TOL) was a document given to convicts when granting them freedom to work and live within a given district of the colony before their sentence expired or they were pardoned. TOL convicts could hire themselves out or be self-employed. They could also acquire property. Church attendance was compulsory, as was appearing before a Magistrate when required. Permission was needed before moving to another district and 'passports' were issued to those convicts whose work required regular travel between districts. Convicts applied through their masters to the Bench Magistrates for a TOL and needed to have served a stipulated portion of their sentence:
- 7 year terms needed 4 years service with 1, or 5 years with 2 masters
- 14 years needed 6 years with 1, 8 years with 2 or 12 years with 3 masters
- Lifers needed 8 years with 1, 10 years with 2 or 12 years with 3 masters
TOL documents record the convict's number, name, ship, year of arrival, the master of the ship, native place, trade or calling, offence, place and date of trial, sentence, year of birth, physical description, the district the prisoner was allocated to, the granting Bench, the date of issue, and further remarks about Conditional Pardons and district changes. Registers of Tickets of Leave 1824 to 1827 (with index) are included in the SAONSW Genealogical Research Kit. Records of applications for replacement tickets and records of passport tickets for convicts moving between districts from 1835 to 1869 were also kept and are held by the SAONSW.
- 7 year terms needed 4 years service with 1, or 5 years with 2 masters
- 14 years needed 6 years with 1, 8 years with 2 or 12 years with 3 masters
- Lifers needed 8 years with 1, 10 years with 2 or 12 years with 3 masters
TOL documents record the convict's number, name, ship, year of arrival, the master of the ship, native place, trade or calling, offence, place and date of trial, sentence, year of birth, physical description, the district the prisoner was allocated to, the granting Bench, the date of issue, and further remarks about Conditional Pardons and district changes. Registers of Tickets of Leave 1824 to 1827 (with index) are included in the SAONSW Genealogical Research Kit. Records of applications for replacement tickets and records of passport tickets for convicts moving between districts from 1835 to 1869 were also kept and are held by the SAONSW.
Prison Without Bars - Sydney 1829
The normal fate of a well-behaved convict prior to 1840 was assignment to public or private service. Convicts upon arrival in the settlement were assigned either to the government or to free settlers. Assigned servants were often paid. Most received indulgences like tea, sugar, tobacco or even spirits as an incentive to work and as a means of discipline. For the most part they were kindly treated. If conditions were hard and the men had to live in huts with roofs of stringy bark laid on sapling rafters tied with cords from a kurrajong tree and beds of wooden slabs covered with bark - it must be remembered that these were probably the same conditions under which the masters suffered.
The master was in a position to charge any of his servants with insubordination or misconduct. They could not punish the convict themselves. However, the master could send a man to the nearest magistrate who could hear the case and determine punishment.
Little more than 10% of convicts succeeded in maintaining a 'clean sheet'.
The master was in a position to charge any of his servants with insubordination or misconduct. They could not punish the convict themselves. However, the master could send a man to the nearest magistrate who could hear the case and determine punishment.
Little more than 10% of convicts succeeded in maintaining a 'clean sheet'.
John Dickson
John Dickson was a young engineer who migrated to the colony of NSW in 1813. He arrived on the Earl Spencer and brought with him the first steam engine in NSW. Gov. Macquarie immediatley recognised his potential and made him a land grant of sixteen acres. It is on record however, that by 1818, Dickson owned 17,000 acres on which he was running 3,000 cattle, 2,000 sheep and 65 horses. He also owned a milled and a brewery.
In June 1815, the Sydney Gazette reported that Mr John Dickson had been zealosly occupied in setting up a queer monster, all wheels and gears and soot, which he had shipped from Maid Lane in Shakesear's Southwark. The site the Governor had granted him was 'a most convenient and eligible situation in the Town of Sydney, having a run of fresh water thro it, for him to erect his mills, steam engine and machinery on'.
Mr Dickson had brought a considerable capital with him and was of 'enterprising spirit and perservering industry'. On his 15 acre grant, bounded on the north by Liverpool Street and on the east by George St, he was able, on 29 May, 1815, to receive the Governor (Macquarie) with a whistle and a puff of fleecy vapour when the latter came to inaugurate the mills, which were now ready for 'gringing grain and sawing timber on a large scale'.
Biography
In June 1815, the Sydney Gazette reported that Mr John Dickson had been zealosly occupied in setting up a queer monster, all wheels and gears and soot, which he had shipped from Maid Lane in Shakesear's Southwark. The site the Governor had granted him was 'a most convenient and eligible situation in the Town of Sydney, having a run of fresh water thro it, for him to erect his mills, steam engine and machinery on'.
Mr Dickson had brought a considerable capital with him and was of 'enterprising spirit and perservering industry'. On his 15 acre grant, bounded on the north by Liverpool Street and on the east by George St, he was able, on 29 May, 1815, to receive the Governor (Macquarie) with a whistle and a puff of fleecy vapour when the latter came to inaugurate the mills, which were now ready for 'gringing grain and sawing timber on a large scale'.
Biography
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